Nkhani

China ili ndi mafakitale akulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso mafakitale athunthu omwe ali ndi magulu athunthu. Zovala zaku China zimaphatikizapo ulusi, nsalu, zovala ndi zina. Pofika chaka cha 2015, kuchuluka kwa fiber ku China kudafika matani 53 miliyoni, zomwe zimaposa 50 peresenti ya dziko lonse lapansi. China ndi dziko lomwe limapanga komanso kutumiza kunja kwa nsalu ndi zovala. Makampani opanga nsalu ku China nthawi ina adatsogola padziko lonse lapansi kwazaka khumi. China ikutsogola padziko lonse lapansi potumiza zovala kunja. Kupikisana kwamakampani opanga nsalu ndi zovala, omwe amagawidwa m'makampani opanga nsalu ndi makampani opanga zovala, ndiye makampani opikisana kwambiri ku China. Ndilo lamphamvu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi potengera gawo la msika wapadziko lonse lapansi, index ya competitiveness index ndi zenizeni comparative advantage index.

Makampani opanga nsalu ku China ali ndi mbiri yakale yachitukuko, kuyambira nthawi ya Neolithic idadziwa luso lazovala. Ukadaulo wa nsalu za silika ndi fulakesi ku China wakale unafika pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri ndipo udakhala ndi mbiri yabwino padziko lapansi. Ufumu Wakale wa Roma unayamba kufalitsa silika kudzera mumsewu wa silika ndipo unatcha China "Dziko la silika". Makampani opanga nsalu ku China poyamba anali ndi ulusi wamankhwala, nsalu za thonje, nsalu zaubweya, nsalu za hemp, silika, kuluka, kusindikiza ndi utoto, zovala, nsalu zapakhomo, makina opangira nsalu ndi mafakitale ena. Pambuyo pazaka zachitukuko, malonda a nsalu apanga pang'onopang'ono mafakitale amakono a nsalu ndi nsalu zapakhomo, zovala za zovala ndi nsalu za mafakitale monga machitidwe atatu. Mu 2020, kuchuluka kwa mafakitale opanga nsalu ku China kumapitilira 50% yapadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo kuchuluka kwake komwe kumatumizidwa kumatenga gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a dziko lapansi. Nthawi zonse yakhala ikugulitsa malonda akunja ku China, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kwa fiber pamunthu kwafika pamlingo wamayiko otukuka kwambiri padziko lapansi. M'mbuyomu, mafakitale a nsalu ku China anali olakwika ngati "ndalama zolowera dzuwa", koma tsopano padziko lonse lapansi, osati zazikulu zokha, komanso magulu amafuta athunthu, dongosolo launyolo la mafakitale, sayansi yamafakitale ndi ukadaulo patsogolo pa dziko lapansi, makamaka mtundu wapakhomo wakhala ukudziwika kwambiri m'misika yapakhomo ndi yapadziko lonse lapansi. Pakati pa mafakitale asanu (nsalu, zida zapakhomo, zomangira, chitsulo ndi zitsulo, ndi njanji yothamanga kwambiri) zomwe zalembedwa pamndandanda woyamba wamakampani opanga zinthu padziko lonse lapansi ku China, makampani opanga nsalu amakhala oyamba.

Chigawo chamsika cha makampani opanga nsalu ndi zovala ku China chili pachiŵiri padziko lonse, kuŵirikiza kasanu ndi kamodzi kuposa cha Italy, kuŵirikiza kasanu ndi kaŵiri kuposa cha Germany ndi ka 12 kuposa cha United States pafupifupi zaka khumi zapitazo. Mndandanda wa mpikisano wamalonda wa China wakhala pamwamba pa 0.6 kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo ndondomeko ya mpikisano wamalonda yamalonda yakhala pafupi ndi 1 kwa nthawi yaitali. Mlozera wa mwayi wofananira bwino nthawi zambiri umakhala pamwamba pa 2.5, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti makampaniwa ali ndi mpikisano wamphamvu padziko lonse lapansi. Zokolola zamakampani opanga nsalu ndi zovala ku China zinali kuwirikiza ka 9 kuposa za ku Italy ndi ka 14 kuposa za United States, zomwe mosakayikira zikutanthauza kuti makampaniwa ali ndi mpikisano wamphamvu padziko lonse lapansi. Makamaka, m'zaka khumi zachitatu za kukonzanso ndi kutsegula, China idakhala yoyamba pakupanga mankhwala, ulusi, nsalu, nsalu zaubweya, katundu wa silika ndi zovala. Kuphatikiza apo, malinga ndi ziwerengero zoyenera zochokera ku United States, European Union ndi Japan, mu 2020, China idatenga 33%, 43.9% ndi 58.6% yazogulitsa zonse za nsalu ndi zovala zochokera ku United States, European Union ndi Japan motsatana. Mwa iwo, zinthu za Mask zochokera ku China zidalamulira msika, zomwe zimawerengera 83%, 91.3% ndi 89.9% yazogulitsa kuchokera ku US, EU ndi Japan motsatana.

Poyerekeza ndi mayiko akum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia omwe ali ndi ndalama zotsika mtengo, China ili ndi ubwino wachilengedwe: 1) Makampani opanga nsalu ku China ali ndi mbiri yakale, zopangira zonse komanso njira zonse zogulitsira, zomwe ndi chifukwa chachikulu chobwezera malamulo panthawi ya mliri. 1) Mliri ku China ndiwokhazikika, ndipo China ndiye woyamba kuyambiranso ntchito ndi kupanga. Maunyolo a mafakitale ndi ogulitsa ndi abwinobwino, ndipo maoda atha kuperekedwa monga momwe anakonzera. 3) Makampani opanga nsalu ku China amayendetsedwa papulatifomu yopangira makina okhala ndi mtengo wotsika wopangira zinthu zambiri.

Mzinda wotchuka waku China waku nsalu: Hebei Gaoyang. Gaoyang nsalu inayamba kumapeto kwa Ming Dynasty, Xing kumapeto kwa Qing Dynasty, olemera mu Republic of China oyambirira, zaka zoposa 400 cholowa, m'chigawo mabizinesi nsalu oposa 4000. Chiwonetsero chapachaka cha nsalu zapakhomo ndi chochitika chachikulu cha makampani opanga nsalu. Ili ndi malo osungiramo zinthu zakale kwambiri omwe ali ndi zida zakale kwambiri komanso malo osungiramo zimbudzi zazikulu kwambiri m'chigawochi. Ndikoyenera kutchula kuti gao Yang makampani opanga nsalu ndi otukuka kwambiri, matawulo, ubweya, bulangeti zinthu zazikulu zitatu zomwe zimapangidwira 38.8%, 24.7% ndi 26% yadziko lonselo, ndi amodzi mwamalo ogawa thonje m'dzikolo, ali ndi msika waukulu kwambiri mdziko muno, gao Yang Textiles Sluster City, X parking carpet .

China Light Textile City ili ku Keqiao District, Shaoxing City, Province la Zhejiang. Yakhazikitsidwa mu Okutobala 1988, Shaoxing Keqiao adapanga nthano zambiri za chuma ndikukhala likulu la nsalu zapadziko lonse lapansi "zophimba dziko lonse lapansi". China Textile City chimakwirira kudera la 1.8 miliyoni masikweya mita, ndi malo okwana kumanga 3.9 miliyoni lalikulu mamita. Chaka chilichonse, nsalu yogulitsidwa pano imakhala 1/3 ya dziko ndi 1/4 ya dziko lapansi. Mu 2020, magulu amsika aku China Textile City adapeza ndalama zokwana 216.325 biliyoni za yuan. Kuchuluka kwamisika yamisika yapaintaneti ya China Textile City yafika pa 277.03 biliyoni ya yuan. Yakhala pamalo oyamba pamsika wogulitsa nsalu ku China kwa zaka 32 zotsatizana. Tsopano ndi malo akulu ogawa nsalu omwe ali ndi zida zonse komanso zinthu zosiyanasiyana ku China, komanso msika wawukulu waukadaulo wopangira nsalu ku Asia.

China ikutsogolerabe padziko lonse lapansi pazamankhwala opangira mankhwala. Ulusi wonse wapadziko lonse lapansi umapangidwa pafupifupi matani 90 miliyoni. 70 peresenti ya matani 90 miliyoni opanga CHIKWANGWANI ndi mankhwala CHIKWANGWANI, pafupifupi 65 miliyoni matani, amene CHIKWANGWANI CHIKWANGWANI filament pafupifupi 40 miliyoni matani. Zitha kuwoneka kuti ulusi wamankhwala umayendetsedwa ndi ulusi. Zambiri mwa matani oposa 40 miliyoni a fiber fiber filament padziko lapansi amapangidwa ku China.

China ndiye msika waukulu kwambiri wa thonje padziko lonse lapansi. Popeza kuti thonje wapakhomo akulephera kukwaniritsa zofunikira, China ikufunikabe kuitanitsa kuchokera kunja kuti iwonjezere kufunika kwake. Koma makamaka kunja high-mapeto yaiwisi thonje. Mchaka cha 2020, thonje yolowa kunja inali matani 2.1545 miliyoni, kukwera ndi 16.67% pachaka. Pakati pawo, United States, Brazil ndi India ndizomwe zimachokera kumayiko atatu. Pankhani ya zoweta, kubzala thonje ku China makamaka anagawira mu mtsinje Yangtze ndi Yellow River mabeseni ndi madera kupanga Xinjiang, mmene linanena bungwe xinjiang madera kupanga nkhani pafupifupi 45% ya linanena bungwe lonse dziko, wa Yellow River beseni nkhani 25%, ndi mtsinje wa Yangtze beseni nkhani pafupifupi 10%. Ndikoyenera kutchula kuti thonje la xinjiang ndiye katundu wapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, chifukwa chapamwamba kwambiri ku China chopangira thonje, kutulutsa kwa thonje ku xinjiang mu 2020 kunali matani 5.161 miliyoni, kuwerengera 87.3% ya dzikolo, kuwerengera gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu a dziko lapansi. Titha kunena kuti ndi chifukwa cha zokolola zambiri za xinjiang komanso thonje wapamwamba kwambiri kuti mphamvu za China m'dziko loyamba kupanga thonje zimathandizidwa.